关于青少年近视影响因素及防控措施综述——基于2011~2021年国内研究

Review on Influencing Factors and Prevention and Control Measures of Adolescent Myopia—Based on Domestic Research from 2011 to 2021

目的:对2011~2021年中国有关于青少年近视影响因素、防控措施进行概括,分析目前研究现状的不足,提出相关建议,为青少年近视防控措施的探索提供理论依据。方法:对2011年至2021年中国知网(CNKI)数据库19篇中文核心期刊进行梳理分析。结论:户外时间的不足、长时间近距离用眼以及不良姿态是青少年近视的发生与发展的关键影响因素。目前针对青少年近视的有效运动干预措施还在探索之中。建议:对于政府层面要建立青少年视力定期筛查制度,促进青少年近视防控工作的开展,而卫生医疗机构应该尽快建立视力健康档案,增加青少年健康用眼的宣讲力度,学校应该提高对体育课程的重视程度,丰富课程内容,提高青少年参与运动的兴趣,另外家长需要以身作则,提高对孩子的监管力度,对青少年进行正确引导,青少年本身需要提高对引起近视的各种不良姿态的重视程度。

Objective: To summarize the influencing factors and prevention and control measures of adolescent myopia in China from 2011 to 2021, analyze the deficiencies of the current research status, and put forward relevant recommendations to provide a theoretical basis for the exploration of youth myopia prevention and control measures. Methods: From 2011 to 2021, 19 Chinese core journals in CNKI database were sorted out and analyzed. Conclusion: Lack of outdoor time, long- term use of eyes at close range, and bad posture are the key influencing factors for the occurrence and development of adolescent myopia. At present, effective exercise intervention measures for young people’s myopia are still being explored. It is recommended that the government should establish a regular screening system for young people’s eyesight to promote the development of the prevention and control of young people’s myopia, and health and medical institutions should establish visual health files as soon as possible to increase the propaganda of young people’s healthy eyes, and schools should pay more attention to physical education courses. In addition, parents need to lead by example, improve the supervision of their children, and guide them correctly. The teenagers themselves need to pay more attention to various bad postures that cause myopia.