OCT和OCTA影像学特征在视网膜静脉阻塞中的研究进展

Research Progress of OCT and OCTA Imaging Features in Retinal Vein Occlusion

视网膜静脉阻塞(RVO)是血栓形成对视网膜静脉系统的阻塞,是第二常见的视网膜血管疾病,是视力丧失和视力障碍的重要原因。光学相干断层扫描(OCT)是诊断RVO所致黄斑水肿(ME)的可靠影像学检查,可对视网膜各层结构进行定性和定量结构评估。光学相干断层扫描血管造影(OCTA)通过检测腔内血流,实现视网膜和脉络膜血管网的无创、深度选择性可视化,可形成三维高分辨率图像,而常规荧光素血管造影(FFA)无法实现这种空间分辨率。因此,OCTA可用于观察视网膜和脉络膜血管的微灌注,以及不同病理类型和治疗过程中视网膜和脉络膜血管的变化。本文就OCT和OCTA影像学特征在RVO病程发展及其抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗中的应用进行综述,以期为评估RVO的严重程度、调整治疗方案并判断疾病的预后提供参考。

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the occlusion of the retinal venous system by thrombosis. It is the second most common retinal vascular disease and an important cause of visual loss and impairment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a reliable imaging examination for the diagnosis of macular edema caused by RVO, which can qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the structure of each layer of the retina. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) enables noninvasive, depth selective visualization of retinal and choroidal vascular networks by detecting intravinal blood flow, resulting in three-dimensional high-resolution images that cannot be achieved with conventional fluorescein angiography (FFA). Therefore, OCTA can be used to observe microperfusion of retinal and choroidal vessels, as well as changes in retinal and choroidal vessels during different pathological types and treatments. This article reviews the application of OCT and OCTA imaging features in the development of RVO and its anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, in order to provide reference for assessing the severity of RVO, adjusting the treatment plan and judging the prognosis of the disease.