肝细胞癌伴发门静脉癌栓的理解与诊断研究进展

Advances in the Understanding and Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis

肝细胞癌(HCC)伴发门静脉癌栓(PVTT)是肝癌治疗领域的一大难题,对患者的预后构成严重威胁。近年来,随着医学研究的不断深入,我们逐渐认识到HCC的发展与PVTT的形成之间存在错综复杂的生物学联系,这涉及到细胞增殖的失控、血管新生的异常、细胞凋亡的紊乱以及免疫反应的失调等多个方面。本综述将全面梳理近年来关于肝癌患者门脉癌栓形成机制的研究成果,详细介绍其分类、诊断方法,提供临床医师更为深入的理论支撑和实践参考,对早期诊断的患者做出及时干预并制定策略,共同推动肝癌治疗领域的发展。Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis (PVTT) poses a significant challenge in the field of liver cancer treatment and critically affects patient prognosis. Recent advances in medical research have progressively revealed complex biological relationships between the development of HCC and the formation of PVTT. These include uncontrolled cellular proliferation, aberrant angiogenesis, disrupted apoptosis, and dysregulated immune response. This review comprehensively summarizes recent research findings on the mechanisms underlying PVTT formation in patients with liver cancer. It elaborates on classification and diagnostic approaches, providing clinicians with deeper theoretical insights and practical guidance. This review aims to support timely intervention and strategic planning for patients diagnosed early, thereby contributing to advancements in liver cancer treatment.