南极大磷虾等南极不同样品来源的可培养微生物的分离鉴定

Isolation and Identification Cultivable Microbes from the Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) and Other Antarctic Samples

为了探索南极大磷虾等南极不同生物来源可培养微生物的多样性。本研究对中国第33次南极科学考察采集的多个站位的南极大磷虾,以及海参、海绵、珊瑚、鱿鱼、海星、海胆、底泥等样品进行了细菌、真菌的分离培养,然后进一步开展16S rDNA鉴定和高通量测序分析。最终根据菌落大小、颜色、形态等特征的不同,共分离获得21株细菌,并未分离到真菌,可能样品保藏时间过久的原因。经鉴定得到3个门12个属的14株细菌,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria) 4株,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes) 8株,放线菌门(Actinobacteria) 2株。厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)中属芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.)最多,有6株。通过NCBI的Blast检索系统比对,发现14株细菌的相似度均达到98%以上,推测这14株都是已知种属。同时,对RNA保存液保存的各个站点采集到的南极大磷虾中的微生物进行了高通量测序,遗憾没有得出结论。本次研究显示,南极地区具有丰富的微生物资源,并且大部分微生物也可以在普通环境生存。同时,丰富了框架拖网的生物来源的共附生可培养微生物的种类,为极地微生物资源的利用研究奠定了基础。

In order to explore the diversity of cultivable microbes from the Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and other Antarctic organisms, different samples, including holothurians, sponges, corals, squids, asteroideans, sea urchins and sediment, were collected in the 33rd Chinese Antarctic scientific expedition. Bacteria and fungus from samples were identified by 16S rDNA and themicrobes from the Antarctic krill were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. Ultimately, a total of 21 strains of bacteria were isolated according to the colony characteristics, such as size, color, shape. No fungi were found which maybe because the samples were stored for too long time. Among them, there were 3 phylum 12 genera of 14 bacteria strains, including the Proteobacteria 4 strains, Firmicutes 8 strains and Actinobacteria 2 strains. The majority of Firmicutes was Bacillus sp. which has 6 strains. The similarity of 14 strains of bacteria was more than 98% according to the NCBI Blast retrieval system which show they were known strains. At the same time, the result of high-throughput sequencing on the Antarctic krill which were kept in the RNA preservation solution was not obtained. The study shows that there were abundant of microorganism in Antarctic, and that can survive in ordinary environments. At the same time, cultivable microbial species which were obtained by framework trawl were enriched. This paper laid a basis for study of polar microorganism resources utilization.