我国古树名木保护管理和开发利用探讨——以浙江省台州主城区古树名木为例

Discussion on the Protection, Management and Development of Ancient and Famous Trees in China—Taking the Ancient and Famous Trees in the Main District of Taizhou, Zhejiang as an Example

为了更好地保护古树名木,发挥其价值,本文分析了台州主城区古树名木的种类组成、植物区系、分布区域及生长状况、特色古树、死亡原因等。结果表明:台州主城区古树名木共计101株,隶属于14科16属16种,其中一级古树2株,二级古树6株,古树群3处;发现引进到最北缘地带的无柄小叶榕,五樟抱1棵黄连木、2棵朴树和1棵长在岩石缝中的木犀,园柏、罗汉松抗战名木,椒江古柿群和椒江最大古樟;从属、种的分布区类型看,热带分布的类型占较大优势;古树密度为0.361株/km2,略高于全国平均水平;古树种类的97%分布在历史悠久的老城区和椒北;绝大部分古树长势良好。同时,针对台州主城区古树名木的分布特点、生长现状,提出实行“树长”保护制并建立智慧管理系统;推广古树名木公益保险,助推古树名木保护;建立古树名木休憩公园或休闲绿地,实现可持续保护;迅速抢救、复壮长势衰弱的古树名木;加快病虫害防治,开展古树名木生态群落研究;利用媒体、网络等开展多种方式宣传,使古树名木保护深入人心;开展古树名木认养活动,促进古树生长。

To better protect ancient and famous trees and exert their value adequately, this paper analyzed species composition, plant flora, distribution area, growth condition, characteristic ancient trees and death causes of the ancient and famous trees in the main urban area of Taizhou. The results showed that there were 101 ancient and famous trees in the main urban area of Taizhou, belonging to 16 species, 16 genera and 14 families, including 2 trees of Grade I, 6 trees of Grade II and 3 ancient tree groups. Ficus concinna var. subsessilis introduced in the northernmost zone, 5 Cinnamomum camphora embracing 1 Pistacia chinensis, 2 Celtis sinensis and 1 Osmanthus fragrans living in rock cracks, Sabina chinensis, Podocarpus macrophyllus commemorating for the War of Resistance, ancient Diospyros kaki group and the largest ancient Cinnamomum camphora of Jiaojiang were discovered. According to areal type of genera and species, tropical areal type occupied relatively great advantage;ancient trees density reached 0.361 trees/km2, which was a little higher than the national average level;97% of the ancient tree species distributed in old areas and north areas of Jiaojiang;most ancient trees grew well. Meanwhile, based on the distribution char-acteristics and growth status of ancient and famous trees in the main urban area of Taizhou, some suggestions were also proposed, such as carrying out the tree chief system and establishing smart management system, popularizing welfare insurance of ancient and famous trees to boost the protection of them, establishing recreational park or recreational green land of ancient and famous trees for sustainable conservation, rescuing and rejuvenating the weak ancient and famous trees immediately, accelerating disease and pest control and carrying out the ecological community research, publicizing the protection of the ancient and famous trees in a variety of ways such as mass media and network to raise the public awareness of protection, carrying out adoption event to promote the growth of ancient and famous trees.