人虎冲突产生原因及影响分析及解决对策

Analysis of Causes and Effects of Human-Tiger Conflict and Countermeasures

随着野生虎种群数量的逐步回升,虎分布区域内人虎冲突是目前绝大多数虎分布国家在虎保护工作中亟待解决的问题之一。本文在界定了人虎冲突基本涵义和主要表现形式的基础上,从虎与人双方角度,阐述了由虎引发的和由人引发的人虎冲突的原因和驱动因素;探讨了人虎冲突的显著影响和潜在影响。研究分析认为,人虎冲突表现形式可分为直接和间接人虎冲突两大类型,其中间接人虎冲突是主要表现形式,必须引起虎保护利益相关者的高度重视。人虎双方不仅是冲突的受害者也是引发者,仅从人或虎的单方角度出发很难从根本上解决人虎冲突问题。最后,本文从科学管理人虎共用区域、精准扶持居民替代生计、出台人虎冲突补偿的统一标准、开展虎保护宣教活动、推行跨学科联合研究等5个方面提出了解决人虎冲突的对策或建议。

With the gradual recovery of wild tiger populations, human-tiger conflicts in tiger distribution areas is one of the most urgent problems in tiger conservation in most tiger distribution countries. On the basis of defining the basic concept and main patterns of human-tiger conflicts, this paper were expounds the human-tiger conflict causes and driving factors, and discussed the significant and potential effects from both tiger and human aspects. According to the analysis, human-tiger conflict can be divided into two patterns: direct conflict and indirect conflict, of which indirect conflict is the main manifestation and must be paid great attention by the stakeholders of tiger protection. Human and tiger are not only the victims but also the initiators of the conflict. Finally, we puts forward countermeasures or suggestions to solve the human-tiger conflict from five aspects, such as scientific management of the common area of tigers, precise support for residents’ alternative livelihood, unified standard of compensation for human-tiger conflict, tiger protection publicity and education activities, and implementation of interdisciplinary joint research.