高寒地区畜禽粪便无害化处理技术研究进展综述

Review on Harmless Treatment Technology of Livestock Manure in Alpine Region

伴随高寒地区畜禽养殖行业范围逐步扩大和规模渐进增加,饲养畜禽等产生大量的粪便污染环境问题日益凸显严重,严重制约高原自然生态环境保护和可持续发展建设。高寒地区畜禽粪便无害化处理技术不仅可以有效地变废为宝、改善生态环境、降低肥料成本以及增加农业经济收入等,而且可以纠正社会各界对畜禽废弃物资源认识的含糊不清、学术片面、研究肤浅等问题,更加明确了畜禽废弃物资源高效处理再利用技术科研学术价值和农业科技创新所在,本文主要从国内外畜禽粪便无害化处理技术相关研究文献作为基本的数据参考依据,结合独特的高寒地区畜禽粪便特点与属性进行综述性论述和条理梳理,就如何实现高寒地区畜禽粪便无害化处理技术和基本方法等进行具体分析和阐述并提出相关涉及问题、建议与对策,为今后西藏畜禽业养殖可持续高效发展奠定理论基础、农业农村生态环境改善进行铺垫、高原生态废弃物资源高效循环利用提供思路,所阐述内容仅供学术界参考和学习。

With the gradual expansion of the scope and scale of livestock and poultry breeding industry in alpine regions, the environmental pollution caused by a large number of feces from livestock and poultry breeding has become increasingly serious, which seriously restricts the plateau natural ecological environment protection and sustainable development. The harmless treatment tech-nology of livestock and poultry manure in alpine region can not only effectively change waste into treasure, improve ecological environment, reduce fertilizer cost and increase agricultural economic income, but also correct the problems of ambiguous understanding, one-sided academic research and superficial research of livestock and poultry waste resources from all walks of life, and further clarify the value and innovation of scientific research of efficient treatment and reuse technology of livestock and poultry waste resources. Taking domestic and foreign research literature of livestock manure harmless treatment technology as the basic data reference, this paper combined with the unique characteristics and attributes of livestock manure in alpine regions, summarized and sorted out on how to realize the harmless treatment technology and basic methods of livestock manure in alpine regions were analyzed and elaborated. The related problems, suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to lay a theoretical foundation for the sustainable and efficient development of livestock and poultry industry in Tibet in the future, pave the way for the improvement of agricultural and rural ecological environment, and provide ideas for the efficient recycling of plateau ecological waste resources.