环境因子及群落动态对植物物种多样性影响研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Environmental Factors and Community Dynamics on Plant Species Diversity

物种多样性是目前生态学研究的热点问题之一,其形成与发展离不开环境因子和群落的自然演替。自第二次工业革命以来,人类活动愈加复杂,相应的人为干扰给物种多样性带来了巨大的影响。为深入了解环境因子及群落动态对物种多样性的影响,本文综述了国内外近年来相关的研究成果,详细分析了水平梯度(纬度)、垂直梯度(海拔)、土壤因子(土壤厚度、土壤养分、土壤pH值等)、地形因子(坡度、坡位、坡向)、演替和干扰等对物种多样的影响。在今后的研究中,要注重长期定点研究,为科学评估物种多样性发生和维持机制提供相应参考数据。

Species diversity is one of the hot issues in ecological research. Its formation and development cannot be separated from environmental factors and natural succession of communities. Since the Second Industrial Revolution, human activities have become more complex, and the corresponding human disturbances have had a huge impact on species diversity. For understanding the environment factor and dynamic effects on species diversity, community related research results at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed in this paper, a detailed analysis of the horizontal gradient (latitude), vertical gradient (altitude), soil factors (soil thickness, soil nutrient, soil pH, etc.), terrain factors (slope, slope position and slope direction), succession and interference effects on species diversity. In the future, long-term fixed-point studies should be paid attention to provide relevant reference data for scientific evaluation of the mechanism of species diversity occurrence and maintenance.