椒江水系滩涂湿地建设千亩消浪景观林带的研究

Research on the Construction of Thousand Mu of Wave-Eliminating Landscape Forest Belt in Tidal Flat Wetland of Jiaojiang River System

对我国秋茄红树林北移引种能保持正常生长的最北缘——荒芜的浙江省台州湾滩涂湿地进行可行性分析,提出浙江省地方标准《红树林技术规程》(DB 33/T 920-2014)的修改建议;通过对椒江口潮位和高程的分析,提出在日常涨落段、长期淹没段和永久淹没段高程−2.57~1.5 m处适当种植湿生植物或挺水植物和沉水植物,1.6~2.8 m高程的日常涨落段和月濒淹没段滩涂湿地种植秋茄红树植物,2.9 m~3.5 m高程的偶尔淹没段滩涂湿地种植亚红树植物和部分耐水耐盐碱乔灌木,3.6 m以上高程的滩涂湿地种植陆地耐盐碱乔灌木,从而建立千亩由红树林植物和耐盐碱的陆地乔灌木组成的消浪景观林带;指出椒江滨江公共空间对标上海杨浦滨江公共空间提法欠妥,分析滩涂湿地设计存在的城市景观化和景观园林化问题,以永宁江生态修复为示范案例,提出滩涂湿地生态修复和景观提升建议,以形成滨江新的特色生态消浪景观林带,从而增加公共绿地和防护林面积,提升湿地生态系统碳汇增量。

A feasibility analysis was conducted on the northernmost edge of China’s Kandelia candel mangroves that can maintain normal growth, the barren tidal flat wetland of Taizhou Bay in Zhejiang Province, and the local standard of Zhejiang Province “Mangrove Technical Regulations” (DB 33/T 920-2014) revision proposal;based on the analysis of the tide level and elevation of the Jiaojiang Estuary, it is proposed that wet plants or emergent plants and submerged plants should be properly planted at the elevation of −2.57~1.5 m in the daily fluctuation section, long-term submerged section and permanent submerged section. Kandelia mangrove plants are planted in tidal flat wetlands with an elevation of 1.6~2.8 m and the submerged section of the month, and submangrove plants and some water-tolerant and salt-tolerant trees and shrubs are planted in tidal flat wetlands with an elevation of 2.9 m~3.5 m. The tidal flat wetlands with an elevation of more than 3.6 m are planted with terrestrial saline-alkali-tolerant trees and shrubs, so as to establish thousands of acres of wave-removing landscape forest belts composed of mangrove plants and saline-alkali-tolerant land trees and shrubs;it is pointed out that the public space of Jiaojiang Riverside is inappropriate for the public space of Shanghai Yangpu Riverside. The formulation is improper, and the problems of urban landscaping and landscape gardening in the design of tidal flat wetland are analyzed. Taking the ecological restoration of Yongning River as a demonstration case, suggestions for ecological restoration and landscape improvement of tidal flat wetland are proposed to form a new characteristic ecological wave-eliminating landscape forest belt on the riverside, thereby increasing the area of public green space and protection forests, and increasing the carbon sink increase of the wetland ecosystem.