退耕还林还草发展现状及展望

Development Status and Prospect of Returning Farmland to Forest and Grassland

退耕还林还草工程是社会生态环境建设的重要措施,是保证人民群众安居乐业、康养生活的重要方法。现阶段环境问题已经成为当前社会各界关注的焦点,“绿水青山就是金山银山”,已成为全社会的共识。实行退耕还林还草政策,不但可以有效改善环境污染问题,降低自然灾害发生的频率,有利于提高人们的生活质量,而且可以帮助国家实现可持续发展。为了促使退耕还林还草政策有效落实,本文从退耕还林还草研究现状、发展动态、取得成效、存在不足、应用前景等方面进行论述,并结合我国现实情况提出展望。结果可知:世界各国以不同方式、不同目的开展退耕还林还草,我国退耕还林还草分为三个阶段,即政府引导阶段(1949年~1998年)、试点示范阶段(1999年~2001年)、全面建设和成果巩固阶段 (2002年~2020年)。我国退耕还林还草政策的实施加快了中西部地区经济发展,推动了农村产业结构调整,促进了农民脱贫致富,为实现现代化建设第三步战略目标提供了良好的生态保障。但是目前我国退耕还林还草措施中,对退耕土地的整体管理体系建设仍有不足。在深化退耕还林还草工作中应科学经营管理退耕土地、林草苗木种植技术规范化标准化、构建科学有效的监测评价体系。促进退耕还林还草工作的科学开展,为建设生态文明社会、构建和谐美丽的生态环境奠定基础。

The project of returning farmland to forest and grassland is an important measure for the construction of social ecological environment and an important way to ensure people’s lives in peace and contentment. At the present stage, environmental issues have become the focus of attention of all sectors of society. “Clear waters and lush mountains are gold and silver mountains” has become the consensus of the whole society. The policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland can not only effectively improve environmental pollution, reduce the frequency of natural disasters, improve people's quality of life, but also help the country achieve sustainable development. In order to promote the effective implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest for grass, this paper discusses the research status, development dynamics, achievements, deficiencies, application prospects and so on from the aspects of returning farmland to forest for grass. The results show that countries in the world develop returning farmland to forest or grassland in different ways and with different purposes. Returning farmland to forest or grassland in our country is divided into three stages: government guidance stage (1949~1998), pilot demonstration stage (1999~2001), comprehensive construction and result consolidation stage (2002~2020). The implementation of the policy of returning farmland to forest for grassland has accelerated the economic development of central and western areas, promoted the adjustment of rural industrial structure, promoted the farmers to get rid of poverty and provided a good ecological guarantee for realizing the third strategic objective of modernization construction. But at present, the overall management system of returning farmland to forest and grass is still insufficient. In deepening the work of returning farmland to forest and grassland, it is necessary to scientifically manage the reclaimed land and standardize the planting technology of forest and grass seedlings, and establish a scientific and effective monitoring and evaluation system. We will promote the scientific development of the work of returning farmland to forest and grassland, laying a foundation for building an ecological civilization and a harmonious and beautiful ecological environment.