青海湟水国家湿地公园生态系统服务价值及其效率格局研究

The Research on Ecosystem Service Value and Its Efficient Pattern of the Huangshui National Wetland Park in Qinghai Province

湿地生态系统服务价值评估是科学制定湿地建设和管理政策的重要依据。本研究基于2020~2021现场监测和问卷数据,构建包含四大类12个指标的价值评价体系,估算湟水国家湿地提供的生态系统服务价值。研究结果显示:1) 研究期内湟水湿地每年提供的12种生态系统服务价值为1.17亿元。其中,供给服务价值245.82万元,支持服务价值为1506.35万元、调节服务约为4144.52万元,文化服务价值为5818.44万元;2) 湟水湿地公园中湟水和北川河的生态系统服务价值最高,达到了7425.35万元/年,占总体价值的64%。其它湿地价值由大到小依次是北川湿地、海湖湿地、火烧沟湿地和宁湖湿地,分别为2193.86万元/年、1266.16万元/年、440.24万元/年和252.17万元/年;3) 湟水国家湿地公园每年的生态系统服务效率为8.56万元/hm2。其中,文化服务最高,达到17.01万元/hm2。其次为调节和支持服务,分别为12.12万元/hm2和4.40万元/hm2,供给服务的效率最低,仅为0.72万元/hm2;4) 从区域尺度看,海湖湿地单位面积的生态系统效率最高,达到3.71万元/hm2;效率最低的为北川湿地,为2.73万元/hm2。河流湿地的平均服务效率略低于人工湿地的服务效率(2.69万元/hm2)。

Wetland ecosystem service value assessment provides an important basis for scientifically for-mulating wetland park construction and management policies. Based on on-site monitoring and questionnaire data in 2020 and 2021, to construct a value evaluation system with four categories and 12 indicators, this study evaluated the ecosystem service value of Huangshui National Wetland Park. Results show: 1) During the study period, the 12 kinds of ecosystem services value of ecosystem services provide by Huangshui National Wetland Park is 117.0 million yuan per year, among which supply services, support services, adjustment services and cultural services values are 2.45 million, 15.06 million, 41.44 million yuan, and 58.18 million yuan, respectively;2) Huangshui and Beichuan rivers have the highest ecosystem service value (74.25 million yuan/year) of Huangshui National Wetland Park, accounting for 64% of the total value. The spatial distribution of other wetland values is ranged as Beichuan Wetland (21.93 million), Haihu Wetland (12.66 million), Huoshaogou Wetland (4.4 million) and Ninghu Wetland (2.52 million) in sequence;3) The service efficiency of Huangshui National Wetland Park is 85,600 yuan/hm2. Among them, cultural services are the highest (170,100 yuan/hm2), followed by regulation (121,200 yuan/hm2) and support services (44,000 yuan/hm2), and the last is supply services (7200 yuan/hm2). 4) At the regional scale, ecosystem service efficiency of Haihu wetland is the highest, reaching 37,100 yuan/hm2;the lowest efficiency is Beichuan Wetland, which is 27,300 yuan/hm2. The average service efficiency of river wetlands is slightly lower than that of constructed wetlands (26,900 yuan/hm2).