沙漠湿地复合型生态系统维护策略研究——以骏马湖湿地为例

Study on the Maintenance Strategy of Desert Wetland Compound Ecological System—Taking Junma Lake Wetland as an Example

骏马湖,蒙语译为“金色的骏马”,位于锡林郭勒盟正镶白旗沙日盖嘎查境内,地处浑善达克沙漠腹地,犹如一颗“沙漠明珠”镶嵌与广袤的沙地之中,构成了独特的沙漠湿地复合型生态系统,是京津冀重要的生态安全屏障,对于区域荒漠化治理意义重大。近年来,骏马湖出现了湖面面积减小、地下水位下降的现实问题,随着浑善达克沙地歼灭战的打响,沙漠湿地生态系统的保护处于国家战略至关重要的地位。文章针对沙漠湿地复合型生态系统的特征,从明确用地权属、合理分配水资源、共管共建、防止土地沙化、强化设施建设和建立湿地保护公园六个方面提出具体的维护策略。

Junma Lake, which is translated into “golden horse” in Mongolian, is located in SharigaiGacha, Zhengxiangbai Banner, Xilinguole League. It is located in the hinterland of the Hunshandake Desert. It is like a “desert pearl” embedded in the vast sandy land, forming a unique desert wetland complex ecosystem. It is an important ecological security barrier for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei re-gion and is of great significance for regional desertification control. In recent years, there have been practical problems in Junma Lake, such as the reduction of the lake area and the decline of groundwater level. With the start of the war of annihilation in Hunshandake Sandy Land, the pro-tection of the desert wetland ecosystem is in a crucial position of national strategy. According to the characteristics of the desert wetland compound ecosystem, this paper puts forward specific maintenance strategies from six aspects: clarifying land ownership, rational allocation of water resources, co-management and co-construction, preventing land desertification, strengthening fa-cility construction and establishing wetland protection parks.