钠电池金属钠阳极的发展现状及其未来展望

Development Status and Future Prospects of Metal Sodium Anodes for Sodium Batteries

钠离子电池在资源丰富度和价格方面具有明显的优点,因此它比锂离子电池更能满足人类活动对能源的巨大需求。阳极作为电池的一个重要组成部分,在过去的几十年的科研探索中,钠金属阳极凭借其高理论容量和低氧化还原电位成功脱颖而出。然而,由于循环过程中钠枝晶的不可控生长,引起了电池性能的严重损失(即无限体积变化,不稳定的固体电解质界面,以及安全问题),由此拉大了钠金属阳极的直接使用与其大规模应用之间的差距。虽然现阶段对高性能金属钠阳极的综述研究在不断深入,但解决上述挑战的新研究仍在进行中。因此,我们在此从四个方面(保护层、电解质添加剂、三维框架集流器、合金材料)对高能金属钠阳极的最新进展进行总结,并从这个角度进行详细的讨论和分析。此外,还对构建高性能金属钠阳极的潜在研究方向和前景进行了展望。

Sodium-ion battery has obvious preponderance in resource abundance and price, thus it can fulfill the huge demand of human activities for energy, compared to the lithium ion battery. As a part of batteries, sodium metal anode plays a significant role in the battery, which stood out from various materials by virtue of its high theoretical capacity and low redox potential in the past decades of scientific research and exploration. Unfortunately, as the uncontrollable growth of sodium dendrites keeps happening during the cycle test, it caused the serious losses in battery performance (i.e. infinite volume changes, unstable solid electrolyte interfaces, and safety issues), which further widened the gap between the direct use of sodium metal anodes and their large-scale applications. Although the current review of high-performance metal sodium anodes is constantly deepening, new research to address the aforementioned challenges is still ongoing. Therefore, we summarize the latest progress of high-energy metal sodium anodes from four aspects (protective layer, electrolyte additives, three-dimensional framework current collector, alloy materials), and conduct a detailed discussion and analysis from this perspective. In addition, potential research directions and prospects for constructing high-performance metal sodium anodes were also discussed.