高比能富锂锰基锂金属电池的研究综述

The Study Review of High Specific Capacity Lithium-Rich Manganese-Based Lithium Metal Batteries

传统商业化的锂金属电池正极材料,如磷酸铁锂,钴酸锂,锰酸锂,高镍三元材料对于目前动力电池提出的更高的能量密度要求已经渐渐不能满足。富锂锰基正极材料因其高的理论比容量(>250 mA·h·g−1),低廉的价格而受到研究者的广泛关注,被认为是最有前途的下一代高容量电池正极材料之一。但是由于其自身结构的不稳定,面临着倍率性能不好,循环稳定性差,以及在循环过程中严重的电压降等问题。同时,为了获得更高的比容量,富锂锰基锂金属电池的充电截止电压通常需要达到4.8 V,这对现有电解液体系也是一大挑战。另外锂金属电池中严重的界面副反应,不规则的枝晶生长都严重阻碍了富锂锰基锂金属电池的进一步发展。

Traditional lithium metal battery cathode materials, such as LiPF6, LiCoO2, LiMn2O4, and high nickel ternary materials, have gradually failed to meet the higher energy density demand by current power batteries. Lithium-rich manganese-based (LRM) cathode materials have received much attention because of the high specific capacity (>250 mA·h·g−1) and low price, and are considered to be one of the most promising materials for next-generation high-energy battery cathodes. However, due to the instable structure, it tends to lead to poor rate performance, poor cycling stability, and severe voltage drop during cycling. Meanwhile, in order to obtain higher capacity, the charge cut-off voltage of LRM lithium metal batteries usually needs to reach 4.8 V, which is also a challenge for the electrolyte. In addition, the severe interfacial side reaction and irregular dendrite growth in LRM lithium metal batteries have seriously hindered the further development of LRM lithium metal batteries.