可重复使用航天运载器及其关键技术

Reusable Launch Vehicles and Its Key Technologies

可重复使用航天运载器是目前航天运载器发展的一个研究热点。本文首先简要介绍了可重复使用航天运载器的发展概况,然后将部分可重复使用运载器按照垂直起飞水平着陆、垂直起降两类,将完全可重复使用运载器按照组合动力重复使用运载器、升力式火箭动力可重复使用运载器两类,分别从结构设计、动力设计、防热设计和飞行控制设计等方面分析了其关键技术,最后对未来可重复使用航天运载器的发展提出了设想。

Reusable launch vehicle is one research hot spot of the future space launch vehicles development.The development review of reusable launch vehicles is briefly introduced firstly.And then,by the partially reusable launch vehicles including vertical take-off and horizontal landing,vertical take-off and landing,the fully reusable launch vehicles including combined power reusable carrier,lift rocket powered reusable carrier,some key technologies are analyzed from structural design,power design,heat protection design and flight control design.Finally,the proposals of future development of reusable launch vehicles are presented.