髓外多发性骨髓瘤的治疗进展

Advances in the Treatment of Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma

多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma, MM)是一种浆细胞异常克隆性增殖导致的恶性肿瘤,髓外多发性骨髓瘤(Extramedullary multiple myeloma, EMM)为MM细胞恶性增殖后产生侵蚀骨表面或骨外部组织的实体瘤。现有的治疗手段虽使MM的疗效得到巨大改善,但EMM的预后仍较差。本文就EMM的治疗现状主要从蛋白酶体抑制剂(Proteasome inhibitors, PI)联合免疫调节剂治疗(Immunomodulatory drugs, IMiD)、嵌合抗原受体T细胞(Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell, CAR-T)免疫治疗、自体干细胞移植(Autologous stem cell transplantation, ASCT)及单克隆抗体等方面进行综述。

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor caused by the abnormal clonal proliferation of plasma cells, and extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is a solid tumor arising from the malignant proliferation of MM cells that erodes the bone surface or tissues outside the bone. Although existing treatments have greatly improved the efficacy of MM, the prognosis of EMM is still poor. In this paper, we focus on the current status of EMM treatment from the perspective of proteasome inhibitors (PI) combined with immunomodulatory drugs (IMiD), chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-T) immunotherapy, autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) and monoclonal antibodies are reviewed.