高海拔低压低氧环境对认知功能影响的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effect of High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxic Environments on Cognitive Function

高海拔地区有着低压低氧、日照时间长的特点。长期生活在高海拔地区,随着慢性低氧血症的出现,部分人群可能会出现反应迟钝、记忆力减退等认知功能减退的症状。低压低氧环境下,易诱发睡眠障碍、抑郁症等疾病,除此之外它还可导致神经递质异常、神经元凋亡和氧化应激,这些都可能与认知功能的改变有关。本文综述了高海拔低压低氧环境对人们认知功能的影响及相关机制,以期为高海拔环境下认知障碍的预防与治疗研究提供新思路。High altitude areas are characterized by low pressure, low oxygen and long hours of sunlight. Living at high altitude for a long time, with the emergence of chronic hypoxemia, some people may experience symptoms of cognitive impairment such as slow response and memory loss. Hypobaric hypoxia environment is prone to induce sleep disorders, depression and other diseases, in addition to which it can lead to abnormal neurotransmitters, neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress, all of which may be associated with the changes of cognitive function. This paper reviews the effects of high-altitude hypobaric hypoxia environment on people’s cognitive function and the related mechanisms, in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in high altitude environment.