高速电气化铁路电磁环境问题

Review of Electromagnetic Environment in High-Speed Electrified Railways

高速电气化铁路在我国发展迅速,给沿线的电磁环境带来很大负面影响,这种影响包括低频干扰和高频干扰。为研究低频干扰的影响,精确计算了高速铁路所采用的自耦变压器(AT)供电方式的电流分布。在分析AT方式工作特性的基础上,通过计算可知,感性耦合和容性耦合极小,而阻性耦合也仅在发生短路故障时需要考虑。为研究高频干扰的影响,深入分析了弓网电火花和无源散射干扰,并详细论述了弓网电火花的开关模型和该模型存在的不足,为进一步给出其精确的数学描述提供一定指导。对高速铁路的无源散射,给出了一般的分析思路和处理方法。文中给出的关于低频干扰和高频干扰的这些结论,能为高速铁路电磁环境问题的进一步深入研究,打下一定基础。

High-speed electrified railways have a great development in China, and it poses great negative effect on electromagnetic environment along electrified railways including low frequency interference and high frequency interference. In order to research the effect of low frequency interference, current distributions of autotransformer (AT) power supply type are accurately calculated, which is adopted in high-speed electrified railways. Inductance coupling and capacitance coupling are extremely small because of AT type having many wonderful features, and resistance coupling is needed to be calculated only when short-circuit fault happens. In order to research the effect of high frequency interference, the electric sparks and the passive scattering interference are analyzed thoroughly in this paper. The switch electric sparks model is in detail analyzed to be used to present approximately the electric sparks. The electric sparks are very complicated, and the precise description still remains to be further studied in a numerically exact way. The general analytical methods are given to calculate the passive scattering interference which is attributable to the architectures of high-speed electrified railways. These conclusions obtained in this paper about low frequency interference and high frequency interference can supply a foundation for further researches of electromagnetic environment along high-speed electrified railways.