中国低碳城市建设的分级制试验考察

Experimentation under Hierarchy and China’s Low-Carbon City Development

全球气候变暖问题日益凸显,人类活动导致温室气体大量排放是主因,人们积极采取措施应对以减缓和适应气候变化的影响。工业化、城市化程度不断加深,城市是人们生产生活活动的主要场所,加之工业化和城市化是经济社会发展必然的要求和趋势,由此低碳城市建设成为气候政策之一。分级制试验是中国独特的治理方法,于今有近百年历史,既保证了由上到下层层落实国家政策的渠道,又提供了地方社会治理创新的可能。以青岛低碳城市试点工作为例,对中国低碳城市建设做分级制试验考察,解析低碳城市试点如何运作,低碳城市建设如何发挥作用,助推气候变化、国际减排压力和低碳发展等问题的解决。发现低碳城市建设是分级制试验在气候治理领域和城市治理领域的应用;央地关系决定了低碳城市建设方向,分级制试验鼓励了政策创新;分级制政策试验服务于国家大政方针,与同领域和相关领域融合,共同致力于社会发展。

Global warming is becoming increasingly serious due to anthropogenic activities,and measures are being taken to mitigate and to adapt to climate change.With rapid industrialisation and ur-banisation,cities have become a key place where production and consumption activities take place,thus the development of low-carbon cities is an important policy goal.In China,the century-old and unique governance model—experimentation under hierarchy—not only ensures the implementation of national policies from top-down,but also offers possibilities of local innovation in governance.Based on a case study of Qingdao,this article aims to examine China’s low-carbon city development through the lens of experimentation under hierarchy.We argue that low-carbon city development as a practice of climate experimentation is influenced by central-local government relations.Furthermore,we illustrate how experimentation under hierarchy plays a positive role in national policymaking.