居民家庭生活碳排放特征及减排路径研究——以昆明市为例

Research on Carbon Emission Characteristics and Reduction Strategies of Household Life—A Case Study in Kunming Region

采用排放系数法对昆明市2020年居民家庭生活碳排放量进行核算,并从居住能耗、食物消费和交通出行三个维度分析了居民家庭生活的碳排放特征和减排路径。研究结果表明:① 2020年,昆明市居民生活碳排放总量年为793.42万t。其中,居住能源消费、交通运输和食品消费的碳排放量分别占总排放量中的42.3%、34.0%和23.7%。② 根据居民家庭碳排放特征分析,从优化居住能耗结构、鼓励居民调整膳食结构、增加公共出行分担率等方式构建减排路径,则预计可在现有基础上减少近50%的碳排放量。③ 从加强基础设施建设,加强企业运营管理,加强制度保障措施,强化宣传教育四个方面给出了实现居民家庭生活碳减排的对策建议。

The carbon emission coefficient method was used to calculate the household carbon emissions in Kunming Region, in 2020. Then the carbon emission characteristics and emission reduction path was analyzed from three dimensions of residential energy consumption, food consumption and transportation. The results showed that: ① In 2020, the household carbon emission was 793.42 million tons. Among them, carbon emissions from residential energy consumption, transportation and food consumption accounted for 42.3%, 34.0% and 23.7% of the total emissions, respectively. ② Based on the analysis of household carbon emission characteristics, it is estimated that the carbon emission can be reduced by nearly 50% by constructing emission reduction paths through optimizing residential energy consumption structure, encouraging residents to adjust their diet structure, and increasing the sharing rate of public travel. ③ The strategies were proposed to realize carbon emission reduction in household life from the four aspects of strengthening infrastruc-ture construction, strengthening enterprise operation and management, strengthening institution-al guarantee measures, strengthening publicity and education.