小儿全身麻醉苏醒期谵妄的研究进展

The Research Process of Postanesthetic Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients under General Anesthesia

苏醒期谵妄(Emergence Delirium)是学龄前期儿童接受全身麻醉后最常出现的麻醉并发症,出现时间短,但是容易对小儿身心方面都造成严重的后果。随着2017欧洲麻醉学会发布了《基于循证和专家共识的术后谵妄指南》,对于ED的认知也更加系统全面。ED的危险因素包括年龄、术前焦虑程度、疼痛、术前用药等。其防治措施主要分为药物治疗和非药物治疗方法。药物治疗方法已较为成熟,但是用药均伴随着相应的负面影响,所以非药物治疗方法再次被大力推崇,结合飞速发展的现代科技,非药物治疗方法拥有相当光明的研究前景,相信以非药物治疗为主导,辅助以适当的药物治疗,将会成为未来对小儿苏醒期谵妄防治的主流趋势。

Emergence delirium (ED) is the most common complication of preschoolers who received general anesthesia. Although ED lasts not long but it could cause severe effects on both physical and mental. After the publication of European Society of Anaesthesiology evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium, we know better about ED. The risk factors contain age, preoperative anxiety, pain, premedicate etc. Medicine and non-medicine treatment are two main solutions and the medicine treatment has been used perfectly, but we cannot avoid all the side effects of medicines. So non-medicine treatment becomes more and more important recently. When it combined with modern technic and proper medicine treatment, we believe that such method will become a main trend to prevent and cure ED in pediatric patients.