流产患者绒毛组织检测技术研究进展

Research Progress of Villus Tissue Detection in Abortion Patients

流产是一种常见的产科并发症,指妊娠不足28周,胎儿体重不足500 g而终止妊娠者。稽留流产(missed abortion)是其特殊情况的一种,指胚胎或胎儿已死亡并滞留在子宫腔内,未能及时自然排出者,临床上根据孕周分为早期稽留流产和中期稽留流产,早期稽留流产是指妊娠 ≤ 12周。其不仅容易影响女性的心理健康与生活质量,并且可能导致女性继发生育障碍。据报道,流产的发生率为10%~15%,其发生原因复杂多样,其中染色体异常在早期流产中最为常见,约占早期妊娠流产的50%,其他因素如母体内分泌异常、生殖道畸形、易栓症、感染、免疫性疾病、或者母亲的年龄、生活方式、环境因素等均可引起流产。随着国家经济的不断发展和社会压力的增加,自然妊娠及行辅助生殖助孕后不明原因稽留流产的人数越来越多,人们对于染色体原因的需求越来越深,但随着流产物绒毛组织检测技术的发展,就其不同技术的适用范围的认识尚有不足。

Abortion is a common obstetric complication, which refers to pregnancy less than 28 weeks, fetal weight is less than 500 g and termination of pregnancy. Missed abortion is one of the special cases, which refers to the embryos or fetuses that have died and remained in the uterine cavity without timely natural discharge. Clinically, missed abortion can be divided into early missed abortion and middle missed abortion according to gestational age, and early missed abortion refers to gestation ≤12 weeks. It is not only easy to affect women’s mental health and quality of life, but also may lead to subsequent female fertility disorders. It is reported that the incidence of abortion is 10%~15%, the causes of which are complex and diverse, among which chromosome abnormality is the most common in early abortion, accounting for about 50% of early pregnancy abortion, other factors such as maternal endocrine abnormalities, reproductive tract abnormalities, thromposis, infection, im-mune diseases, or the mother’s age, lifestyle, environmental factors can cause abortion. With the continuous development of national economy and the increase of social pressure, the number of unexplained missed abortion after natural pregnancy and assisted reproduction is increasing, and people’s demand for chromosomal causes is getting deeper and deeper. However, with the devel-opment of the technology of villus tissue detection of flow products, there is still insufficient under-standing of the scope of application of different technologies.