滑坡监测技术的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Landslide Monitoring Technology

滑坡通常是指由于降雨侵蚀、积水浸没、地面振动和人类活动等原因的影响,边坡上的土块在自身重量的作用下沿边坡的脆弱带向下移动的地质结构位移变化现象。滑坡是一种不可低估的常见的、有害的地质灾害,影响着人类的社会、经济发展和人身、财产安全,威胁着人民的核心利益。为了减少滑坡灾害造成的损失,提高边坡的防护能力,有必要对边坡进行监测,得到边坡的动态地质规律。本文综合阐述了国内近年来滑坡监测的最新进展,如InSAR技术、三维激光扫描技术、遥感技术、GPS技术、GIS技术、近景摄影测量技术、自然电位法等,获取滑坡灾害地质信息并分析,提出了信息化、专业化、体系化的监测预防系统模式,可有效指导滑坡监测工作,并结合本人近年来的学习理论研究,对未来的技术的突破方向问题提出展望,对当前乃至未来不断提高突发滑坡灾害监测预警能力建设提供相关文献参考和依据。

Landslide usually refers to the geological structure displacement change phenomenon that the soil block on the slope moves downward along the fragile zone of the slope under the action of its own weight due to rainfall erosion, ponding immersion, ground vibration and human activities. Landslide is a common and harmful geological disaster that can not be underestimated. It affects human social and economic development, personal and property safety, and threatens the core interests of the people. In order to reduce the loss caused by landslide disaster and improve the protection ability of slope, it is necessary to monitor the slope and obtain the dynamic geological law of slope. This paper comprehensively expounds the latest progress of landslide monitoring in China in recent years, such as InSAR technology, three-dimensional laser scanning technology, remote sensing technology, GPS technology, GIS technology, close range photogrammetry technology, natural potential method, etc., obtains and analyzes the geological information of landslide disaster, and puts forward an informative, professional and systematic monitoring and prevention system model, which can effectively guide the landslide monitoring work, and combined with my study and theoretical research in recent years, this paper puts forward the prospect of the breakthrough direction of technology in the future, and provides relevant literature reference and basis for continuously improving the monitoring and early warning capacity of sudden landslide disaster at present and even in the future.