修井机井架轻量化研究发展综述

Light Weighting Research Development Review of Work-Over Derrick

井架作为修井机关键构建对其性能起决定性作用,井架在使用过程中受各种因素影响会发生损坏,损坏程度是快速的。当前国内修井机行业相对成熟,企业对修井机的研发重点主要考虑结构轻量化和工作稳定性。修井机井架轻量化研究主要分为三个阶段,第一阶段通过修改井架材料和梁单元截面进行有限元分析,比较不同截面选型对应井架的应力大小,得出应力最小结构最稳定的井架设计方案;第二阶段是利用有限元分析得到井架结构应力和变形,通过改善井架内部应力传递实现降低井架危险截面处的应力大小,继而对井架重新设计降低其重量;第三阶段是在有限元分析的结果上利用拓扑优化等优化算法对井架的结构进行优化,去除冗余部位,在保证结构可靠前提下实现井架的轻量化研究。未来井架的轻量化研究可以将结构稳定和质量最少相统一实现多优化目标研究,同时井架的轻量化研究还可以推广到其它大型空间桁架的研究过程中。

The derrick as the key construction of the well repair machine plays a decisive role in its performance. The derrick will be damaged by various factors in the process of use, and the degree of damage is rapid. The current well repair machine industry is relatively mature. Companies focus on the research and development of well repair machines mainly considering the structure of light-weight and work stability. The first stage is to carry out finite element analysis by modifying the derrick material and beam unit cross-section to compare the stress magnitude of the derrick cor-responding to different cross-section selections and arrive at the derrick design scheme with the lowest stress and the most stable structure. The second stage is to obtain the structural stress and deformation of the derrick using finite element analysis, and to reduce the stress magnitude at the dangerous cross section of the derrick by improving the internal stress transfer, and then redesign the derrick to reduce its weight. The third stage is to optimize the structure of the derrick by using optimization algorithms such as topology optimization based on the results of finite element analysis to remove redundant parts and achieve the lightweight study of the derrick while ensuring the reliability of the structure. The future research of light weight of derrick can unify structural stability and mass minimization to achieve multi-optimization objectives, and the research of light weight of derrick can also be extended to the research process of other large space trusses.