拉铆钉技术发展及其连接可靠性研究

Research on Development of Lockbolt Tech-nology and Its Connection Reliability

螺栓连接由于其结构简单和拆卸方便等优点,在机械工程领域应用十分广泛,但也存在装配预紧力高度分散、容易发生自松和抗疲劳可靠性较差等明显缺点,通常会导致连接失效。起源于20世纪40年代的拉铆钉技术,由于其具有预紧力大、防松、抗疲劳可靠性高等显著优点,主要用于航空航天工业。随着拉铆钉技术不断发展,研究认为可以将其作为传统螺栓的替代品,满足钢结构、轨道车辆和农业机械等领域结构连接的需求。因此,本文结合国内外近年来拉铆钉技术的研究进程,对其连接可靠性和评价方法进行了分析,并用试验的方式验证了评价方法的可行性,还对拉铆连接的安装过程、预紧力和承载特性进行了介绍。

Bolted connection is widely used in mechanical engineering because of its simple structure and convenient disassembly. However, bolted connection has some obvious disadvantages, such as high scatter of assembly preload, self loosening and poor fatigue resistance reliability, etc., which usually lead to failure. Lockbolt technology, which originated in 1940s, is mainly used in aerospace industry due to its significant advantages of high preload, anti-loose and high fatigue resistance reliability. With the continuous development of lockbolt technology, some researches suggest that it can be used as a substitute for traditional bolts to meet the needs of steel structures, rail vehicles and ag-ricultural machinery. Therefore, based on the research progress of lockbolt technology at home and abroad in recent years, this paper analyzes the connection reliability and estimate methods, and verifies the feasibility of the estimate methods by tests. It also introduces the installation process, preload and load bearing behavior of lockbolt connection in the paper.