概念隐喻视角下古汉语中“酸”的语义演变与认知机制

A Study of the Semantic Shift and Cognitive Mechanism of “Suan” by Analyzing Ancient Chinese from the Perspective of Conceptual Metaphor

通过隐喻来扩展词义是人的普遍认知能力,多义词词义扩展的理据性可以通过隐喻来解释。本研究从概念隐喻视角考察一词多义的认知机制。通过对古汉语语料库中“酸”的语义演变过程及背后动因的分析,本文发现,从历史角度来看,该词的词义有从具体身体感觉向抽象精神感受呈辐射状演变的规律。隐喻弥补了具体身体经验与抽象精神感觉之间的鸿沟。以感觉相似性为基础的隐喻性联想是一词多义形成的思维结构。认知主体所处的时代背景、生活经历、感官差异性决定了隐喻性联想的形成。本文旨在通过探索“酸”一字引申义形成的认知过程,为培养学习者的隐喻思维能力、区别词语之间的差异作参考。

It’s human beings’ shared cognitive ability to extend the meaning of words by adopting metaphor. Likewise, the motivation of the extended meaning could be explained by metaphor. This thesis resorts to conceptual metaphor theory to explore the cognitive mechanism of polysemy. The analysis of “suan” in ancient Chinese corpus revels that the metaphorical meanings of the word extend in radial, extending from the concrete physical experience to the abstract mental feeling. The extension of the meaning is based on metaphorical association of similar feeling. The association depends on the social background, life experience and sensory difference of the cognitive subject. This thesis is designed to probe into the semantic shift and the cognitive mechanism of the Chinese word “suan”, as a reference for Chinese learners to make a distinction between the extended meanings as well as sharpening learners’ metaphorical thinking ability.