认知角度下祁东方言中的概念隐喻特点研究

Research on the Characteristics of Conceptual Metaphor in Qidong Dialect from the Perspective of Cognition

祁东话,属于中国七大方言之一的湘方言。以往学者的研究只重在从语音层面来对方言进行分析,鲜有运用认知隐喻理论来研究特定汉语方言语料,本文将选取50个带有隐喻色彩的祁东方言词条作为语料,从源域的词性出发,利用汉语分词与词性标注软件MyTxtSegTag进行标注,查看本体、空间、结构等概念隐喻的分布特点。研究发现,祁东方言词汇中三大隐喻数目差异明显。祁东方言中的概念隐喻中分布特点:在词性分布中,动词在各大隐喻的分布比较平均,名词在结构隐喻中比重高于本体隐喻,形容词倾向分布在本体隐喻中,副词较集中在空间隐喻中,象声词集中在结构隐喻。从各大词性概念隐喻的分类中,结构隐喻略多于本体隐喻,日常生活和劳动活动是各类隐喻的源头,带着湖湘特色的农耕文明,彰显着鲜明的地域特色。因此祁东方言显示出来的隐喻特点表明人们在了解方言的本质上,还需了解该地域的事物特征和人们的文化观念,思维方式。

Qidong dialect is the branch of Xiang dialect being one of seven Chinese dialects. Previous re-searches of scholars only emphasized to analyze the dialect from the aspects of speech sound, few scholars analyzed the specific Chinese dialect corpus by the their cognitive theory, this article selected 50 words with the metaphors of Qidong dialect as corpus, starting from the part of speech of the source domain, and checked out the distribution of body, space, structure by the Chinese software named My TxtSegTag. In this study, it is obvious that three kinds of metaphors distribution in Qidong dialect distribute unequally, adjective words tend to appear in the ontology metaphors, and adverb words are more likely in the spatial metaphors, onomatopoeia centers around the structural metaphors. On the classification of metaphors, structural metaphors are excess than ontology metaphors. So from the characteristics of metaphors distribution in Qidong dialect, it demonstrates that when people learn to speak dialect, they need to know the geographical characteristics and people’s cultural concept and way of thinking.