主述位推进理论在对文言语篇分析中的应用

The Application of Theme-Rheme Progression Theory to Analysis of Wen-Yen Discourses

主述位结构严整清晰,是文言语篇的语法特征之一。因此,本文的主要目的在于强调主述位推进理论在分析文言语篇结构中的实践意义。对语篇的实际切分分析由两个阶段组成。首先要从每一个组成语篇的句子中切分出其主位或者述位;进行这种切分时,可以利用层次分析法,也可以利用形式标记,例如主位和述位之间的虚词“者”、“也”、“之”、“则”等。语篇分析的第二阶段在于确定该语篇符合哪一种主述位推进公式。本文描写文言语篇时,一共用了八种主述位推进模式,即:平行、主位交替、主位重复、主位省略、述位省略、交叉、链接与混合模式。其中平行模式是最基本的,其他的都可以看成平行模式的变体或者从平行模式划分出来的。此外,本文还研究了以下词汇衔接手段——词汇重现、词汇省略、代词性回指等——在语篇切分中的作用。本文强调指出:实际切分在晚期文言语篇语义分析中具有更明显的应用价值;实际切分分析有助于理解语篇故事角色的分量,有助于分析不同语段之间的语义联系和逻辑上的关系,从而更准确地理解和翻译文言语篇。

One of the chief grammatical features of Wen-yen discourses is a very strict and clear Theme-Rheme structure, so the chief aim of this paper is to show that Theme-Rheme Progression theory is absolutely suitable for describing the structure of Wen-yen discourse. Segmentation analysis consists of two stages. The first stage of the actual segmentation of any discourse is to find theme (topic) or rheme of each sentence forming the discourse. To achieve this aim we can use analytic hierarchy process or can rely on formal markers such as function words standing between theme and rheme. The second stage of the analysis is to find out what Theme-Rheme Progression is suitable for our discourse. While describing the structure of Wen-yen discourse in this paper, we used eight types of Theme-Rheme Progression, namely: parallel pattern, parallel pattern with two alternate themes, parallel pattern with constant theme, the pattern with the omission of rheme, parallel pattern with constant rheme, intersecting pattern, chain pattern and mixed pattern. Parallel pattern is basic. All other patterns can be treated as parallel pattern’s modifications. Chain pattern also got out of parallel pattern. This paper studies such types of lexical cohesion as lexical repetition, ellipsis and pronominal anaphora. This paper also offers the application of Theme-Rheme Progression theory to semantic analysis of Wen-yen discourse. The actual segmentation lets us find out all character’s weight and build their hierarchy. It also lets us find out semantic connections and logical relations between various parts of Wen-yen discourse. In this regard the application of Theme-Rheme Progression theory lets us understand the meaning of Wen-yen discourse more precisely and make more accurate translation of it.