特殊羡余否定的比较研究——以“总是”、“总不是”为例

Comparative Analysis on Special Redundant Negation Phenomenon—A Case Study of “Zongshi” and “Zongbushi”

在语言使用的过程中,语气副词在语义语用上的情况复杂难辨,在语法化的过程中,“总不是”出现了羡余否定的情况,即X1+羡余否定成分+X2 (X → X1 + X2),这一对结构在研究中尚未为例,为了对汉语的学习和教学提供帮助,本文试从形成背景、语义特征和语用阐释三个方面探究“总是”、“总不是”语法化的来源和过程,从共时和历时的角度对比此类异形同义现象,得出“总不是”羡余的成因与连用、“不是”的情态化、“总”的语义重点相关,“总不是”在肯定和突出强调对象的程度上比“总是”要高。

During the process of using language, the situation of adverbs in meaning and usage is complex. In the process of grammaticalization, “Zongbushi” appears the phenomenon of Redundant Negation, that is, X1 + the composition of redundant negation + X2 (X → X1 + X2). This pair of structure has not been taken as an example in the research. In order to provide help for Chinese learning and teaching, this paper attempts to explore the grammaticalization of “Zongshi” and “Zongbushi” from three aspects of forming background, semantic features and pragmatic interpretation. From the perspective of synchrony and diachrony, this paper compares this kind of phenomenon, and concludes that the cause of “Zongbushi” redundancy is related to the combination, the modality of “Bushi” and the focus semantic of “Zong”, and “Zongbushi” has more positive degrees than “Zongshi” in affirmation and emphasis.