论汉语的层次属性在句法分析中的语法地位

On the Grammatical Position of Chinese Hierarchical Attribute in Syntactic Analysis

语法成分是语法学中最为重要的基础要素之一。本文的目的,就在于揭示汉语与生俱来的作为语法成分的层次属性,其为汉语的句法分析提供了客观而必要的语法学依据。因而根据层次属性,并以最为典型的语言事实作为论述的材料,本文则实证了只有当“主语”和“谓语”处于同一层次属性时,它们方才构成语法范畴的主谓关系;否则就只是逻辑范畴的主谓关系而已。由此则可进而厘清现有的“兼语式”所存在的理论问题,同时也为汉语中客观存在的主语补语提供了分析与判断的语法成分与路径。不言而喻,汉语的层次属性不可或缺。

Grammatical component is one of the most important basic elements in grammar. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the inherent hierarchical attribute of Chinese as a grammatical component, which provides an objective and necessary grammatical basis for Chinese syntactic analysis. Therefore, based on the hierarchical attribute and the most typical linguistic facts, this paper proves that only when the subject and predicate are in the same hierarchical attribute, can they form the subject predicate relationship of grammatical category;otherwise, they are only the subject predicate relationship of logical category. And then, we can further clarify the theoretical problems of the existing “pivotal theory”, and also provide grammatical component and paths for the analysis and judgment of the objective subject complement in Chinese. So it is self-evident that the hierarchical attribute is indispensable in Chinese.