“给到”的词汇化过程探究

The Lexicalization of “Geidao” in Chinese Language

“给”是表给予义的及物动词,“到”是表动作结果义的动词,两者最初是偏正性的动补结构,由于在线性结构上相邻,随着用频的增加,“给到”逐渐固化成了一个词。“给到”一词虽然在各大词典中均未收录,甚至有人认为“给到”不符合语法规则,但它已经被广泛应用于言语中,获得了合乎语法的使用地位,因此建议可将“给到”一词收录到词典中。“给到”是在现当代才凝固成词的,由于语义相关,线性顺序相邻,它经过重新分析固化成词,它的形成受到了汉语双音化趋势、组成成分功能泛化以及语用动因等因素的影响。

“Gei” in Chinese is a transitive verb and “Dao” is a verb which represents the meaning of purpose or result. “Gei” and “Dao” were once a verb complement structure, but as they are often adjacent and frequently appear in the same syntactic position, “Geidao” merges phonologically and becomes a word in modern times, and it is used as a double object transitive verb. “Geidao” is not included in the dictionary yet, and someone even thinks it does not conform to grammatical rules. “Gei” is a transitive verb, which has the resultant meaning of “to make someone get something”, and it needs to be followed by the object;“Dao” is also a verb, which means “the result of an action”, and it needs to follow the intransitive verbs. However, the word “Geidao” has been widely used, especially in spoken language, social media and the Internet. It has obtained the status of grammatical use after the Lexicalization, so it is recommended that the word be included in the dictionary. Because of the related semantic meaning and the adjacent linear structure, “Geidao” is reanalyzed and lexicalized as a word in modern times. Its formation is also influenced by the disyllabic trend of Chinese vocabulary, the generalization of component functions and the analogy mechanism of compound words “verb + Dao”.