“小 + X”结构的句法功能、话语功能及其形成动因探究

The Syntactic Function, Discourse Function and Formation Motivation of the Construction “xiao (小) + X”

本文以“小 + X”结构为研究对象,根据可以进入该结构的“X”的情况把“小 + X”结构分为“小 + N”“小 + V”“小 + Adj”三个子结构,并对这三个子结构的句法功能进行了描写。研究发现“小 + X”结构的句法功能具有多样性,可以充当多种句子成分,主要的句法功能有主语、谓语、定语和宾语,大多数时候也可以独立成句。在此基础上,结合语料和具体语境分析了该结构所具有的特定话语功能,一是客观描写性和主观评价性,二是削弱性和增强性。接着从内部和外部两方面探讨了“小 + X”结构的形成动因,内部动因主要包括“小”的语法化以及该结构具备的类推能力,外部动因主要包括网络平台的影响和人们情感诉求的表达需要。

Taking “xiao (小) + X” structure as the research object, this paper divides “xiao (小) + X” structure into “xiao (小) + N”, “xiao (小) + V” and “xiao (小) + Adj” according to the “X” that can enter the structure, and describes the syntactic functions of these three sub-structures. It is found that the syntactic functions of “xiao (小) + X” structure are diverse, which can act as a variety of sentence components. The main syntactic functions include subject, predicate, attribute and object, and most of the time can also be formed into sentences independently. On this basis, it analyzes the specific discourse functions of the structure based on the corpus and the specific context, one is objective description and subjective evaluation, and the other is weakening and strengthening. Then it discusses the formation motivation of the “xiao (小) + X” structure from both internal and external aspects. The internal motivation mainly includes the grammaticalization of the “small” and the analogy ability of the structure. The external motivation mainly includes the influence of the network platform and the expression of people’s emotional demands.