《汉语口语教科书》的主观量标记“儿”“子”及其历史演变的考察

The Subjective Quantity Marks “er (儿)” “zi (子)” in Spoken Chinese Textbook and the Research of Its Historical Evolution

河北省沧州市孟村方言、衡水方言在数量短语后使用“儿”或“子”表达说话人的主观态度,即分别表示主观小量和主观大量。为进一步了解这种现象的历史演变,我们利用戴遂良的《汉语口语教科书》来考察“儿”与“子”的使用情况。根据对《汉语口语教科书》的统计,我们发现:数量短语与“儿”共现表主观小量,且常常与“小”、“不过”、“才”等主观小量标记共现;数量短语与“子”共现表主观大量,也常常与“大”、“好”、“就”等主观大量标记共现。

Mengcun dialect and Hengshui dialect in Ganzhou City, Hebei Province usually use “er (儿)” or “zi (子)” behind quantitative phrase to express speakers’ subjective attitude, respectively expressing subjective diminishing role and subjective incrementing role. In order to learn about the historical evolution of this phenomenon, we use Dai Suiliang’s Spoken Chinese Textbook to research the use condition of “er (儿)” and “zi (子)”. By sorting, we find: Quantitative phrase together with “er (儿)” expresses subjective diminishing role and it usually appears with other subjective diminishing role marks such as “xiao (小)”, “buguo (不过)”, “cai (才)”;Quantitative phrase together with “zi (子)” expresses subjective incrementing role and it usually appears with other subjective incrementing role marks such as “da (大)”, “hao (好)”, “jiu (就)”.