功能对等视角下文化负载词德译分析——以《中国关键词》为例

Analysis of German Translation of Culturally Loaded Words from the Perspective of Functional Equivalence—Taking Keywords to Understand China as an Example

翻译是文化传播的重要桥梁,研究文化负载词的翻译对于各民族间思想交流、文化输出意义重大。美国语言学家尤金•奈达提出“功能对等”理论,强调翻译应以目的语读者的语言习惯和文化为导向,将原文读者与译文读者的反应相结合,并忠实于原文。本文选取《中国关键词》(汉德对照版)中的中国文化负载词,以功能对等理论为基础分析其德译策略。为贴近目的语读者需求,文化负载词翻译时可以灵活采用直译、意译、增译策略,在忠于原文内容形式的基础上传达文化负载词的内涵,有助于更准确地传播中国文化。

Translation is an important bridge for cultural transmission. The study of translation of culturally loaded words is of great significance for the exchange of ideas and cultural exports among various nationalities. American linguist Eugene Naida proposed the theory of “functional equivalence”, emphasizing that translation should be oriented to the language habits and culture of the target language readers, and that the responses of readers of the original text should be combined with the responses of the translated text. At the same time the translated text should be faithful to the original text. In this paper, the Chinese culturally loaded words in Keywords to Understand China (Chinese-German version) are taken as examples and the German translation strategies are based on the functional equivalence theory analyzed. In order to meet the needs of readers of the target language, the translators should flexibly adopt word-for-word translation, liberal translation and additional translation strategies in the translation of culturally loaded words. On the basis of faithfulness to the content and form of the original text, the translation can better convey the connotation of culturally loaded words, which helps to spread Chinese culture more accurately.