山西临县方言的“去”及其历史演变过程

The “Go” of Lin Town Dialect in Shanxi Province and Its Historical Evolution Process

临县方言中,“去”存在三个读音,对应着不同的语法功能和意义。除与普通话中相似的用法外,“去”也可以用于V/VP后,作动态助词,或用在并列小句末担任话题标记。此外,临县方言中的“去”后还可接adj./adv.,类似于普通话中的“着”、“起来”;后接状态补语时,可与“得”换用。历史上首先出现了“去”与其他动词连用的形式,此后在这一形式结构的基础上逐步引申出新的语义,并由此扩展了结构的使用场景,从而加速了“去”的语法化过程。综合考察类似动词在方言中的用法现状可知,其语法化过程主要受到了动词“动程义”的影响。

There are three pronunciations of “go” in Lin Town dialect, corresponding to different grammatical functions and meanings. In addition to its similar usage in Mandarin, “go” can also be used after V/VP, as a dynamic auxiliary, or as a topic mark at the end of a coordinated clause. In addition, the word “go” in Lin Town dialect can be followed by adj./adv., similar to “zhe” and “get up” in Mandarin. When state complement is followed, it can be used interchangeably with “de”. In history, the form of “go” was first used with other verbs, and then new semantics were gradually developed on the basis of this formal structure, which expanded the usage scenarios of the structure and accelerated the grammaticalization process of “go”. A comprehensive investigation of the usage of similar verbs in dialects shows that the grammaticalization process is mainly influenced by the verb “dynamic meaning”.