从认知语言学的角度来看「わたる」的多义

The Multiple Meanings of “わたる” from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

意象图式是指,人类在以自身为媒介认识世界的过程中形成的一般化、抽象化的(认知)图式。多义语可以说是在意象图式的基础上,通过隐喻和换喻形成的。意象图式主要用于对移动类动词的起点、移动路径终点的分析,而“わたる”作为典型的较为常用的移动类动词,但对它从移动动词角度的研究却较少。本文通过认知语言学相关的概念,如意象图式、隐喻、换喻等,并通过具体的例句来分析“わたる”各个语义的形成以及它们之间的联系。通过分析发现,“わたる”其他语义的形成主要和“わたる①”有关,是通过隐喻和换喻形成的更为具体、抽象的语义扩张。

Image schema is a generalized and abstracted (cognitive) schema formed by humans in the process of knowing the world through the medium themselves. Polysemy can be said to be formed on the basis of image schema through metaphors and metonymy. The imagery pattern is mainly used to analyze the starting point and the end of the movement path of the movement verbs, while “わたる” is a typical and more commonly used movement verb, but there is less study on it from the perspective of movement verbs. In this paper, we analyze the formation of each semantic meaning of “わたる” and the connection between them through cognitive linguistic concepts such as image schema and metaphor, and through specific examples. The analysis shows that the formation of other semantics of “わたる” is mainly related to “わたる①”, which is a more concrete and abstract semantic expansion through metaphor and metonymy.