隐喻认知机制对多义词触发特征的解释——以汉语动词“燃烧”为例

An Explanation from Metaphor Cognition for Polysemous Lexical Priming—A Case Study of Chinese Verb 燃烧(Ranshao)

一词多义是人类语言中的一种普遍现象,在词义变化过程中,隐喻往往起着重要作用。Hoey在词汇触发理论中提出,多义词的各义项在搭配、类联结和语义关联三方面的触发特征各不相同。本文基于CCL语料库并借助Antconc检索工具考察汉语动词多义词“燃烧”的触发特征,探讨其各义项在搭配、类联结及语义关联的异同,结果显示“燃烧”在不同意义层面整体上具有各自独特的用法,但也存在一定的相似或重合之处,主要表现在搭配和类联结两个方面。这在一定程度上对Hoey的观点进行了补充和完善,也再次验证隐喻认知与词义演变的紧密联系。

Polysemy is universal in human language. In the process of semantic change, metaphor plays a vital role. Hoey put forward the theory of lexical priming in 2005, claiming that “when a word is polysemous, the collocations, semantic associations and colligations of one sense of the word differ from those of its other senses”. By means of CCL online corpus together with the corpus analysis tool Antconc3.5.9, this study investigates the priming features of the Chinese polyseme 燃烧(ranshao), discussing the differences and similarities of it in collocation, colligation and semantic association. The results show that on the whole, 燃烧(ranshao) has distinctive priming features in different meaning levels, but there exist several similarities, especially in the aspects of collocation and colligation. This study will provide supplementary evidence for Hoey’s claim to some extent, and prove again the close relationship between metaphor cognition and semantic change.