“手”的隐喻和转喻英汉对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Metaphor and Metonymy of “Hand” in English and Chinese

认知语言学的兴起为人类语言一词多义现象的研究提供了新的视角。本文在对隐喻和转喻的概念理解的基础上运用隐喻和转喻认知思维模式对英汉“手”做语料对比,分析了“手”的词义在汉语和英语中的义项拓展。“手”在英语中以及汉语中都有多项词义,除本义外,还有很多义项是由认知隐喻和转喻思维延伸而来的词义。从权威字典中搜集了英汉“手”的各个义项作为语料,分析了认知隐喻和认知转喻在词义延伸中起的作用,发现转喻在“手”的词义延伸中发挥的作用大于隐喻;“手”的词义延伸汉英认知思维同大于异;认知隐喻与转喻思维具有文化依托性的结论。不仅有力印证了隐喻和转喻是人类认知的重要工具,而且也再次证实与隐喻相比转喻在词义延伸中发挥的作用更重,转喻比隐喻更为基础。

The rise of cognitive linguistics provides a new perspective for the study of polysemy in human language. Based on the conceptual understanding of metaphor and metonymy, this paper makes a corpus comparison between Chinese and English “hand” and analyzes the extension of the meaning of “hand” in Chinese and English. “Hand” has multiple meanings in both English and Chinese. In addition to its original meaning, many other meanings are extended from cognitive metaphor and metonymy. This paper collects all the meanings of “hand” in English and Chinese from authoritative dictionaries, analyzes the roles of cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy in word meaning extension, and finds that metonymy plays a more important role in word meaning extension than metaphor. The cognitive thinking between Chinese and English is more similar than different. Cognitive metaphor and metaphorical thinking are culturally dependent. It not only proves that metaphor and metonymy are important tools of human cognition, but also confirms that metonymy plays a more important role in the extension of meaning than metaphor, and metonymy is more fundamental than metaphor.