日语学习者近义动词习得偏误分析

Error Analysis of Japanese Learners’ Acquisition of Near Sense Verbs

研究通过比较日语母语者与学习者对“拿/携带”类动词的使用发现,学习者整体使用的动词种类数与母语者并无明显差异,但学习者受到了汉语相近词汇语义以及相近汉字的影响,使用了较多母语者没有使用的动词。学习者过多地使用了目标语中“拿/携带”类动词中使用范围最广的动词,发生了泛化现象。还观察到学习者形成了自己的中介语体系,使用了与“拿/携带”类动词无关的动词。研究表明,即使目标语词汇间区分度较比母语简单,学习者也有可能难以掌握目标语。教学中需将理解词汇间关系以及与母语的对应关系作为重点,进而促进学生构建立体的目标语词汇语义体系。

By comparing the use of “hold/carry” verbs by Japanese native speakers and learners, it is found that there is no obvious difference in the number of verbs used by learners as a whole, but learners are influenced by similar lexical semantics and similar Chinese characters, and use more verbs that native speakers do not use. Learners overuse the most widely used “take/carry” verbs in the target language, resulting in generalization. It is also observed that learners form their own inter language system and use verbs unrelated to “take/carry” verbs. Studies have shown that even if the distinction between words in the target language is simpler than that in the mother tongue, it may be difficult for learners to master the target language. In teaching, we should focus on understanding the relationship between words and the corresponding relationship with mother tongue, so as to promote students to build a three-dimensional semantic system of target language words.