日语间接言语行为的表达特征及其日汉翻译探讨

The Expressive Characteristics of Japanese Indirect Speech Acts and Their Translation from Japanese to Chinese

言语行为理论由英国语言哲学家奥斯汀提出,可分为直接言语行为与间接言语行为,而间接言语行为又可分为规约性和非规约性言语行为。日语中委婉表达方式多样,使用频度高,日语的间接言语行为表达较汉语更为发达。本文基于语料库的语料考察,着重对日语中的非规约性间接言语行为表达进行分类和应用分析,并结合中日两国间接言语行为表达的不同对日语间接言语行为表达的汉译方法进行探讨。指出日语间接言语行为表达的汉译过程中,应充分考虑中日两国相关的语言习惯以及文化因素、思维方式的差异,结合具体语境调整翻译策略,以便达到更好的交际意图的实现。

The theory of speech acts was proposed by the British philosopher of language Austin and can be divided into direct speech acts and indirect speech acts, which in turn can be divided into statutorily and non-statutorily speech acts. Euphemisms in Japanese are diverse and frequently used, and the expression of indirect speech acts is more developed in Japanese than in Chinese. Based on the corpus, this article focuses on the classification and application of non-statutory indirect speech acts in Japanese, and discusses the Chinese translation of Japanese indirect speech acts in the light of the differences in the expressions of indirect speech acts between China and Japan. It is pointed out that in the process of Chinese translation of Japanese indirect speech act expressions, the differences in language habits, cultural factors and ways of thinking between China and Japan should be fully considered, and the translation strategies should be adjusted according to the specific contexts in order to achieve better communicative intent.