音法演化特例:“浊音清流”对三五镇壮语阳平调的气化降调影响

A Special Case of Phonetic Evolution: The Influence of “Zhuoyinqingliu” on the Aeration and Descent of Yangping Tone in Sanwu Town’s Zhuang

本文发现三五镇壮语浊音清化后未直接演变为常态清音,而是转变为非常态气化弛声,类似“浊音清流”现象。通过从发声态类型的角度,对三五镇壮语进行实验声学分析,对比老、中、青年三组阳平调的声学特征,发现:1) 三五镇壮语存在气声,浊音清化的结果在发声类型上属于气声中的弛声;2) 阳平调演化链移路径与气声发声态密切相关,气声发声一般只配“纯低调”,证明壮语有常态声调和气化声调的对立区别;3) 首次发现壮语声调演化路径存在不完全符合朱晓农提出的“声调四大链移律”的特例,即声调顺时针链移环中存在内部逆向演化。

In this paper, it is found that the turbid tones in Sanwu Town Zhuang do not evolve directly into the normal tones, but into the non-vocalized flaccid tones, similar to the phenomenon of “Zhuoyinqingliu” (浊音清流). The experimental acoustic analysis of the Sanwu Town Zhuang language was carried out from the perspective of the vocal morphology, comparing the acoustic characteristics of the elderly, middle-aged and youth group’s Yangping tone (阳平调), and found that: 1. there is an qisheng (气声) in the Sanwu Town Zhuang language, and the result of the turbid vocalization belongs to the flaccid vocalization of the qisheng;2. the evolutionary chain shift path of the Yangping tone is closely related to the vocal morphology of the qisheng, and the qisheng’s vocalization is generally assigned only to the “Chundidiao” (纯低调). This proves that Zhuang has an opposing distinction between normal and aspirated tones;3. For the first time, it is found that the evolutionary path of Zhuang tones does not fully conform to the “Four chain-shift laws of tones” (声调四大链移律) proposed by Zhu Xiaonong (朱晓农). There is an internal reverse evolution in the clockwise chain-shift ring of tones.