浅谈鄂尔浑碑铭语言在现代哈萨克语中的词义演变

A Brief Talk on the Evolution of the Meaning of the Orkhon Inscription Language in the Modern Kazakh Language

古代突厥语在演变为现代哈萨克语的过程中,会受到各种因素的影响而发生变化,如社会的发展、时代的变迁、风俗习惯的改变等等。通常情况下这种变化大致涉及到语言的语音、词汇、语法等方面,而其中又以词汇的词义变化最为活跃,部分古代突厥语词发展到现代哈萨克语,其语音形式可能与现代哈萨克语无太大差异,但其词汇意义可能发生了较大变化,因此在研究古代突厥语文献的过程中,如若以现代哈萨克语的词义去解释古代突厥语,可能会造成研究困难以及错误,因此本文拟以古代突厥语与现代哈萨克语为研究对象,从词义演变类型的“九分说”出发(即词义的转移、转类、虚化、扬升、贬降、扩大、缩小、强化以及弱化等),深入探讨古今词义的变化发展。

In the process of the evolution of the ancient Turkic language into the modern Kazakh language, it will be affected by various factors, such as the development of society, the changes of times, the changes of customs and so on. Generally, this change generally involves the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and other aspects of the language, among which the meaning of words is the most active. Some ancient Turkic words have developed into modern Kazakh, and their phonetic form may not be much different from modern Kazakh, but their lexical meaning may have changed greatly. Therefore, in the process of studying ancient Turkic documents, if the ancient Turkic language is explained by the meaning of modern Kazakh language, it may cause difficulties and errors in the study. Therefore, this paper intends to take the ancient Turkic language and modern Kazakh language as the research object, and start from the “nine-part theory” of the type of word meaning evolution (that is, the transfer of word meaning, the conversion of category, the virtualization, the ascension, the demotion, the expansion, the reduction, the strengthening and the weakening, etc.), to deeply explore the changes and development of ancient and modern word meaning.