英汉移动动词词汇化模式对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Lexicalization Patterns of Motion Verbs in English and Chinese

运动事件的相关研究是认知语言学的一个重要课题,而移动又是运动事件的核心概念,其词汇化形式是移动动词。大多数移动动词不仅表示“移动”,还包含“移动方式”、“移动原因”和“移动路径”等信息,不同语言的移动动词表现出不同的词汇化模式。因此,本文基于Talmy的运动事件框架及词汇化模式理论,探讨英汉移动动词的共性与差异及其原因。研究发现,英汉移动动词词汇化模式的共性在于两者都具有相似的认知域且方式移动动词的使用频率均偏高。差异表现在英语中方式移动动词的种类较汉语多,并且有很多拟声动词来表达移动概念,而汉语则用副词短语来表达;英语中的路径移动动词在描述运动事件时只能用作主要动词,而汉语中的路径动词不仅能单独作为主要动词来使用,还可以作为方式动词的准动词来使用。

The study of motion events is an important subject in cognitive linguistics, and motion is the core concept of motion events, whose lexicalized form is motion verbs. Most motion verbs not only mean “move”, but also contain information such as “moving mode”, “moving reason” and “moving path”. Different languages of motion verbs show different lexicalization patterns. Therefore, based on Talmy’s motion event framework and lexicalization model theory, this paper discusses the similarities and differences between motion verbs in English and Chinese and their causes. It is found that the lexical patterns of motion verbs in Chinese and English are common in that both have similar cognitive domains and use manner-motion verbs more frequently. The difference is that there are more types of motion verbs in English than in Chinese, and there are many onomatopoetic verbs to express the concept of movement, while Chinese uses adverb phrases to express the concept. In English, path-motion verbs can only be used as main verbs when describing motion events, while in Chinese, path verbs can be used not only as main verbs alone, but also as quasi-verbs of manner verbs.