约伯苦难的新区间——《圣经•约伯记》中人物对话语用失误及其涵义分析

The New Category of Job’s Sufferings—Characters’ Dialogue Analysis on Pragmatic Failures and Their Implications in The Book of Job

智慧文学中受苦的约伯是文学作品里人无辜受苦的典型,在他的三位朋友来看望他时,他又遭受了来自朋友的宗教迫害,具体表现在朋友讲辞中的语用失误现象。采用格赖斯的合作原则与利奇的礼貌原则对朋友对话进行解析,结果表明:朋友因维护自身关于苦难的宗教观点,无意间违反了言语交际中的合作原则和礼貌原则,造成语用失误,加重了约伯的内心痛苦,但也升华了约伯的信仰,形成了实质上的宗教迫害,构成了约伯苦难的另一区间。

Suffering Job in the wisdom literature of Bible is archetypal of undeserved suffering in literature. He also suffers religious persecution from his friends during their visit, which is magnified in the pragmatic failures in their speeches. So Grice’s cooperative principle and Leech’s politeness principle were adopted to analyze dialogues of Job’s friends. The results indicate that due to the defense of their embedded religious opinions on suffering, their pragmatic failures are caused by the violation of the two principles;they not only fail to achieve the desired communicative goal but also multiply the pain of Job, so they actually impose religious persecution upon Job, and added a new category unto Job’s suffering.