“提、携、拎、挈”的历时演变研究

Diachronic Evolution Study of “Tí, Xié, Līn, Qiè”

手是大自然赐予人类用来生产创造的最完美的工具,有关手的动作往往存在着与之对应的汉字。本文通过对同表“提拎”意义的一组“手”部汉字的考察,探究“提、携、拎、挈”在历时演变中的脉络。认为从先秦时期开始,表示“提拎”这一意义主要是由“提”和“挈”来承担,“携”的意义逐渐由“提拎”转变为“携带”。直到元明清时期,汉语白话系统不断发展,才开始出现由“拎”来表示“提拎”这一意义的语言现象,且这种现象一直持续到现在并且超过了“携”和“挈”的用例。

The hand is the most perfect tool that nature bestows on human beings for production and crea-tion, and there are often corresponding Chinese characters for the movements of the hands. Through the investigation of a group of “hand” Chinese characters with the same meaning as “Tí Līn”, this paper explores the context of “Tí, Xié, Līn, Qiè” in the diachronic evolution. It is believed that from the pre-Qin period, the meaning of “lifting” was mainly borne by “Tí” and “Qiè”, and the meaning of “Qiè” gradually changed from “Tí Līn” to “Xié Dài”. It was not until the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties that the Chinese vernacular system continued to develop, and the linguistic phenomenon of “Līn” to express the meaning of “Tí Līn” began to appear, and this phenomenon has continued until now and surpassed the usage frequency of “Xié” and “Qiè”.