基于语料库的多义动词“开”行为特征分析

The Polysemy of the Chinese Verb “Kai”: A Corpus-Based Behavioral Profile Analysis

二十一世纪以来,认知语言学界出现了量化转向趋势。语料库与统计手段的有机结合为认知词汇语义学研究提供了新的研究方法。本文运用基于语料库的行为特征分析法,从北京语言大学BCC语料库报刊子语料库中析出1000条语例,对汉语动词“开”的多义性进行了研究。通过对动词“开”进行语义、形态和句法等语言学特征的标注,并使用层次聚类分析法进行量化研究,本文发现:动词“开”的原型义为“打开”,其他多个义项围绕该原型义向不同方向拓展延伸,可以分为“位移义”“变化义”和“创建义”三大类。每一类义项既有共性又有个性,共同构成了动词“开”的多义性网络。

Cognitive Linguistics has gone through the quantitative turn since the 21st century. The combina-tion of corpus and statistics provides a new research method for cognitive lexical semantics. Based on the corpus-based behavioral profile analysis, the present study collected 1,000 instances from BCC corpus to investigate the polysemy of the Chinese verb “Kai”. After manual annotation on semantic, morphological and syntactic characteristics of this verb, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis is employed to do quantitative studies. It turned out to be that the prototypical meaning of “Kai” is to open with the other senses divided into three classes, i.e., to move, to change and to create. All of these senses both share common characteristics and features in their own way.