重庆方言中副词“紧到[ʨin⁴²tau⁴²]”的来源及其话语功能

The Source and Discourse Function of the Adverb “紧到[ʨin⁴²tau⁴²]” in Chongqing Dialect

重庆方言中副词“□□[ʨin42tau42]”的本字是“紧到”,意思是“一直、老是”,表示动作或状态的持续。“紧”与“到”在语言演变中保留持续义,二者结合时,由于使用频率的增加,较为强势的“紧”逐渐排挤“到”,“到”的持续义逐渐减弱虚化为后缀,因此,在重庆方言中还存在“阴到、鼓到”等“X到”类副词。从话语功能上看,它是传信标记,传递交互信息的真实性;也是态度标记,表达抱怨、责备之情,反映说话人的期待,并提醒、劝诫对方。

In Chongqing dialect adverbs “□□[ʨin42tau42]” also is “紧到”, meaning “always” said sustained action or state. “紧” and “到” retain the continuous meaning in the language evolution. When the two are combined, due to the increasing frequency of use, the stronger “紧” gradually supplanted “到”, and the continuous meaning of “到” gradually weakened into a suffix. Therefore, there are still “X到” adverbs such as “阴到” and “鼓到” in Chongqing dialect. From the perspective of the function of discourse, it is a signifier, conveying the authenticity of interactive information. It is also an attitude marker to express complaints and blame, reflect the speaker’s expectations, and remind and admonish the other party.