表主观否定的“V什么N不N”构式探析

Analysis of the “V Shenme N Bu N” Construction of Subjective Negation

在日常对话中,人们常用“V什么N不N”来表达主观否定。“V什么N不N”作为现代汉语口语中常见的一个构式,其构式义为说话人对某事物的否定性评价。该构式属于主观消极评价的委婉表达,其否定义与“什么”的疑问标记功能衰变及否定功能的主观化密切相关,“不N”在大部分情况下属于羡余成分,但在语境中有独特意义。一般地,“V什么N不N”和“不/别/VN”表达相同的语义,能从冗余否定构式角度找到其主观性的解释。此外,在探究该构式形成的过程时,发现交互主观化和语境推理的推动作用对构式影响较大,还进一步挖掘出了构式的三种话语功能:否定、反诘和委婉。

In everyday conversations, people often use “V shenme N bu N” to express subjective negation. As a common construction in modern spoken Chinese, the meaning of “V shenme N bu N” is the negative evaluation of something by the speaker, and it is a euphemism for subjective negative evaluation, and its definition of non-definition is closely related to the decay of the questioning mark function of “shenme” and the subjectivity of the negative function, and “bu N” belongs to the envy component in most cases, but it has a unique meaning in context. In general, “V shenme N bu N” and “bu/bie VN” express the same semantics, and their subjectivity can be found from the perspective of redundant negative construction. In addition, when exploring the process of the formation of the construction, it is found that the driving effect of interactive subjectivity and contextual reasoning has a greater impact on the configuration, and the three discursive functions of the construction are further explored: negation, cross-examination and euphemism.