基于形态学的西班牙语和中文中“时”的对比研究

A Contrastive Study of “Time” between Spanish and Chinese from a Morphological Perspective

本文采用语言对比分析的研究方法,就西班牙语和中文的“时”进行了微观层面的分析和比较。具体而言,文章总结了两种语言中关于“时”的称谓、概念、所属范畴、分类和表达方式的异同之处。通过比较发现,在西班牙语中,“时”被称为“时态(tiempo)”,而在中文中被称为“时制”。两种语言中“时”在语法范畴中的概念相似;但是,西语的时态属于严格的语法范畴,而关于中文时制的研究通常也涉及词汇或语义范畴。此外,在“时”的分类上,当以时间参照为分类基准时,两种语言有相似之处,但西班牙语通常以形态变化作为分类标准。最后,在“时”的表达方式上,两种语言都会借助词汇手段来传达语义信息,但西班牙语通过动词形态的屈折变化来标记时态,而中文通常使用助词作为时制标记。

This article employs a comparative research methodology to analyze and compare the concept of “time” in Spanish and Chinese at a micro level. Specifically, the article summarizes the similarities and differences in the terminology, concept, grammatical category, classification, and expression methods of “time” in these two languages. Through the comparison, it is observed that in Spanish, “time” is referred to as “tiempo”, whereas in Chinese it is referred to as “tense”. The concept of “time” within the grammatical category exhibits similarities between the two languages. However, Spanish tense strictly falls under the grammatical category, while the study of Chinese temporal systems often encompasses lexical or semantic categories. Moreover, regarding the classification of “time”, when time reference is employed as the basis for categorization, both languages share similarities, yet Spanish typically relies on morphological inflection as the criteria for classification. Lastly, in terms of expressing “time”, both languages utilize lexical means to convey semantic information. Spanish achieves this through verb inflection to mark tense, whereas Chinese commonly employs particles as markers for the temporal system.