多义词“气”的“愤怒义”源流探析

Analysis of the Origin of the “Angry Meaning” of the Polysemous Word “Qi”

“气”本义为名词,表“云气”,上古时期,受社会文化、认知因素影响,引申为“生理本原”,从自然进入人体领域。中古时期,受社会文化、身体哲学影响,“气”与人体关系更加紧密,“愤怒”义逐渐凸显。近代时期,受“主观化”的影响,说话者从身体角度、身体情感出发,用身体之“气满、气充”等表示愤怒情绪,受语言经济性原则、白话文的影响,“气”逐渐单用,表“愤怒”义,引申出动词用法。探析“气”的“愤怒义”演变,可窥得中华文化的发展演变,同时可以说明“主观化”等认知因素在语义演变中的作用。

The original meaning of “qi” is a noun, which represents “cloud gas”. In ancient times, it was affected by social culture and cognitive factors, and was extended to “physiological origin” and entered the human body from nature. In the Middle Ages, under the influence of social culture and physical philosophy, the relationship between “qi” and the human body became closer, and the meaning of “anger” gradually became prominent. In modern times, under the influence of “subjectivity”, the speaker used the body’s “full of breath, full of breath” to express anger from the perspective of the body and the body’s emotions. Influenced by the principle of language economy and vernacular, “qi” was gradually used only to express the meaning of “anger”, which led to the use of verbs. Exploring the evolution of “anger meaning” of “qi” can give a glimpse into the development and evolution of Chinese culture, and at the same time, explain the role of cognitive factors such as “subjectivity” in semantic evolution.